别名
Distinct name

用以特指某类或某一个事物的名称。“别名”是荀子（前313 ？—前238）所使用的一种名称类别，与“共名”相对。名用以指称实。同一类别之中具有特殊属性的事物类别，可以用一个“别名”来加以指称。一个“别名”所指称的事物类别中若仍然具有特殊的事物类别，可以用更高层级的“别名”来加以指称。如此类推，直至不能划分出更细致的事物类别。指称一个事物大类的“别名”称为“大别名”。
A distinct name is used for a particular category or a certain object. It is used by Xunzi (313?-238BC) in contrast with “general name.” A name should denote the nature of a thing. Things in the same category that have unique features can be referred to by “distinct names.” Subsets within that category with further characteristics of their own can in turn have a higher-level “distinct name.” A distinct name with the broadest reference is called is called “broad distinct name.”

引例 CITATION

有时而欲偏（biàn）举之，故谓之鸟兽。鸟兽也者，大别名也。推而别之，别则有别，至于无别然后止。 （《荀子•正名》） （有时想要部分地指称某类事物，就称之为“鸟兽”。“鸟兽”就是最大的“别名”。推演而寻求“别名”，“别名”之内还有更高层级的“别名”，一直到无法再推出更高层级的“别名”为止。）
Sometimes we wish to speak of them in part, and so we refer to them as “birds and beasts.” “Birds and beasts” is a broad distinct name. We can break it down to make ever more distinctions, drawing finer distinctions within fine distinctions until no more distinctions can be made. (Xunzi)