托福词汇系列(不定期更新)_派派后花园

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[Vocabulary] 托福词汇系列(不定期更新)

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mmmmhao

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托福词汇系列(不定期更新)
[url]http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/452753[/url]
1.[b][color=#ff0000]penalty[/color][/b]
['pen(ə)ltɪ]

[color=#ff0000][b]A penalty clause[/b][/color] was written into the contract.
在合同中写入了一项罚款条款。
She has[b][color=#ff0000] paid the penalty [/color][/b]for her crimes with five years in prison.
她因犯罪受到惩罚被判刑五年。
[color=#ff0000][b]formulating penalty[/b][/color], [color=#ff0000][b]estimating penalty [/b][/color]and [color=#ff0000][b]executing penalty[/b][/color].
其实现需通过对[u]制刑 、 量刑、行刑[/u]阶段的全面规范.

[color=#ff0000][b]One of the penalties of fame[/b][/color] is loss of privacy.
成名的弊端之一是失去了私人活动自由。

Scoring can be done from the field goal, [color=#ff0000][b]the penalty corner[/b][/color], and[b][color=#ff0000] the penalty stroke[/color][/b].
他们可以通过场上射门 、 发[u]惩罚性角球和发点球[/u]得分.
It was [b][color=#ff0000]a generous penalty[/color][/b], but still a penalty.
这是一个慷慨的点球, 但确实是点球来的.
He was brought down[b][color=#ff0000] in the penalty area[/color][/b].
他在罚球区被对方撞倒。

用作名词 (n.)
动词+~
give a penalty 处罚        
impose a penalty 予以惩罚
pay the penalty 受到惩罚

形容词+~
light /severe penalty 严厉的处罚        
the full penalty 全部代价

名词+~
death penalty 死刑~+介词
penalty for 为…受处罚
*********************************
punishment   VS  penalty
penalty:[b]专指[/b]法律上的或体育运动比赛中的处罚。

联想记忆:谐音:拍脑踢
[attachment=13318925]

词根记忆:pen

.表示  penalty,处罚
penal      刑事的;与刑罚有关的;作为刑罚场所的;[color=#ff0000]['piːnl][/color]    
penalty      惩罚;刑罚;害处;足球点球;
penalize      对…予以惩罚;使处于不利地位;[color=#ff0000]['pi:nəlaɪz][/color]
penitent      悔罪的; 后悔者;忏悔者;                          A penitent's prayer
repent      对(自己的所为)感到懊悔或忏悔; [植] 匍匐生根的;[动] 爬行的;[color=#ff0000] [rɪ'pent][/color]    
penance      (赎罪的)苦行,苦修;                              regards sth. as a penance
[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:54重新编辑 ]
本帖最近评分记录: 2 条评分 派派币 +20
  • Sadistic_

    派派币 +15 2017-02-15

    ——update 16L

  • Sadistic_

    派派币 +5 2017-02-15

    Thanks for your sharing.O(∩_∩)O

《我将光彩夺目》作者:贡茶_
https://www.paipai.fm/read.php?tid=7686809

《本宫颜值,分分钟秒杀你们》
https://www.paipai.fm/read.php?tid=7417356
书单更新中
https://www.paipai.fm/read.php?tid=7432002
mmmmhao

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2.ore

http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/452013

We will make an assay of the ore that he brought.  assay 化验 [ə'seɪ]    
我们将对他带来的矿石做实验鉴定。
The ore is smelted in this large factory.
这个大型工厂里熔炼矿石。
This is an area rich in ore.
这里是个矿产丰富的地区。
But few of them had actually dug up any ore.
然而他们中只有少数几个确实挖了矿。
The grade of a raw ore is the basis of ore milling and ore dressing.
原矿品位是矿石加工和选矿流程的主要依据.

用作名词 (n.)
形容词+~
high-grade ore 富矿   lean ore 贫矿[liːn]

介词+~
be extracted from ore 从矿石中提炼

联想记忆:谐音:沃(有矿致富)
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3.pathogen
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/452329
n. 病原体
causative agent[基医]病原体...      harmful bacteria病

The immune system does not need to analyses the entire pathogen.
免疫系统并不需要分析整个病菌.
The opposite end latches onto the pathogen.
相对的一端锁在病原体上。

potential pathogen潜在病原体                   
bacterial pathogen细菌性病原体...
primary pathogen原发性病原体...                 
opportunistic pathogen机会致病菌                

联想记忆:怕死path----疾病

词根词缀:

path:illness疾病

pathology          病理(学)
electropathy      电疗学(法);
psychopath      精神变态者,精神病患者;


如何骂人“神经病”?



[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:59重新编辑 ]
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4.offspring
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/451388
这个解释有点黄暴呀,具体看视频

Noun:
the immediate descendants of a person;
something that comes into existence as a result;
any immature animal


The hybrid offspring of a zebra and a horse.
杂交斑马斑马与马杂交的后代
How do parents pass genes on to their offspring?
父母是怎样把基因遗传给自己的子女的?
The atom bomb is the offspring of the 20th century physics.
原子弹是20世纪物理学的产物。
Adult offspring have the obligation to provide for their parents.
成年子女对父母有赡养扶助的义务.

offspring-parent relationship      亲子间相关

词汇记忆:off:离,隔+spring:春天,活力,弹力,泉水,后代即隔代,像春天萌发



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5.niche
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/449822


Noun:
a position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it;
a small concavity
an enclosure that is set back or indented

Find Your Niche – Most bucks have found a niche that increases their demand.
绝大部分有钱人都找到了提升他们期望值的定位.
He found the right niche for himself.
他发现了一个适合他的职位。
He eventually found his niche in sports journalism.
最后他在体育新闻界找到了理想的工作。
Your market niche is big women.
你们的服装目标是体胖的女士。

have a niche in the temple of fame     留芳百世
********************************************************************************************************************
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6.omnivorous
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/451688

Adjective:  feeding on both plants and animals


But the omnivorous beast is rampant still.
但是这只杂食动物依然毫无节制.
He is omnivorous of books.
他什麽书都读
Man is an omnivorous animal.
人是肉类与蔬菜均食用的动物.


omnivorous character    杂食动物
omnivorous animal         杂食性动物
omnivorous fish             杂食性鱼类


【反义词】
carnivorous    食肉的  
insectivorous   以虫类秽食物的...
herbivorous    食草的






词根词缀分解:

词根vor: eat,吃
omni    全的

omnipresent      无所不在的,同时遍在的;无往不在;
omnipotent      全能的,权力无限的; 全能者;







[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-19 09:18重新编辑 ]
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7.oblige
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/450138
Verb:
force somebody to do something;
bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted;
provide a service or favor for someone

The law oblige parents to send their children to school.
法律上要求父母送子女入学。
oblige countries to return stolen assets to their rightful owners.
公约载有一些责成各国将被盗资产返还其合法所有人的创新措施。
I'm much obliged to you.
我非常感谢你。

oblige by (v.+prep.)
oblige to (v.+prep.)
oblige with (v.+prep.)

oblige me by v-ing
Please oblige me by keeping quiet during the lecture.请您在上课时安静些,好吗?
Please oblige me by closing the window.请替我关上那扇窗子。

oblige me with sth
Will you oblige me with your name and address?敬请赐告你的姓名和地址好吗?
Will you oblige me with a stamp?给我一张邮票好吗?
He obliged us with a song.他为我们唱了一首歌。

be obliged to you for sth/v-ing
I am much obliged to you for the loan of the book.我对于你借书给我,深表感激。
We are much obliged to you for your help.我们十分感激你对我们的帮助。
We're very much obliged to you for telling us.感谢你给我们谈了这情况。

词根词缀: ob- 加强意义 + -lig- 捆 , 约束 + -e



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8 navigational
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/449416


his wasn't on the navigational computer, sir!
这不在导航电脑上, 长官!
Zheng including navigational charts, Zheng He's ocean floor model ships, Zheng He's picture and text information.
其中有郑和航海图, 郑和远洋楼船模型 、 郑和下西洋的图片及文字资料.
And that means great navigational system.
这意味着很大的导航系统.
The first navigational lights in the New World were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances.
在新大陆上,最初的航标灯要算那些挂在港湾人口的提灯了吧.
A record a ship's speed , its progress, and any shipboard events of navigational importance.
对船速 、 船程以及船上发生的所有对航海有意义的事件的记载.


navigational satellite导航卫星,航海卫星/aids助航设备 /mark航标


词根词缀: -nav- 船 + -ig- 驾驶 , 引导 + -ation 名词词尾  al  形容词







[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:20重新编辑 ]
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9:carnivore
http://www.iqiyi.com/v_19rr9b9yvo.html#curid=568603300_11b5fbf57babfa6b43f22e75084f4205
Noun:
a terrestrial or aquatic flesh-eating mammal;
any animal that feeds on flesh;
flesh-eater肉食性动物

Bob, could you help the carnivore cut his meat.
鲍伯, 你帮这个小食肉动物切一下好吗?
Lions and tigers are carnivores.
狮子和老虎是食肉动物。


词根:carn, 肉。 -vore, 吃,







[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:21重新编辑 ]
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10:mutual
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/449107

Adjective:
common to or shared by two or more parties;

Other organizations have joined the confederation for mutual benefit.
其他组织为了共同的利益也加入了这个联盟。
My friend and I have mutual enthusiasm for music.
我和我的朋友对音乐有着共同的爱好。
Let's give mutual support and inspiration to each other.
让我们互相支持,互相鼓励。
Language differences are often a barrier to mutual understanding.
语言不同,常常阻碍到彼此的了解。
Negotiations between unions and management are made more difficult by mutual distrust.
工会和资方之间的谈判由于互不信任而愈加困难。

~+名词
mutual aid〔assistance〕 彼此的帮助
mutual benefit〔interests〕 相互的利润
mutual defence〔enemies, friends〕 共同的防御〔敌人,朋友〕
mutual dislike 互相憎恨

词根词缀: -mut- 变 + -ual 形容词词尾





[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:22重新编辑 ]
mmmmhao

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11:lithosphere
the solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle

Scientists call this layer of crust and upper mantle the lithosphere.
科学家称这层地壳和上部地幔为岩石圈。
The hydrosphere and the lithosphere together form the Earth's surface.
水圈与岩石圈一起形成地球的表面。


词根:litho-, 石头, sphere, 圈,层。
lithology:岩石学
litho-, 石头, -logy, 学说。



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12:plaintiff
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/453320
a person who brings an action in a court of law

The plaintiff accused the defendant of fraud.
原告指控被告欺诈。
Plaintiff is an antonym of defendant.
原告是被告的反义字。

nominal plaintiff名义上的原告,名义原..

词根:来自 plaint, 起诉,诉讼, -iff, 形容词后缀,



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13:magnitude
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/447978

I want to know the magnitude of this equipment.
我想知道这个设备的大小。
The magnitude of the epidemic was frightening.
这种流行病传播范围之广令人惶惶不安。
I had not realized the magnitude of the problem.
我没意识到这个问题的重要性。
The main quake was estimated at magnitude 6.6.
据估计主震区的震级有6.

动词+~
appreciate/ realize the magnitude 了解到重要性
limit the magnitude 限制大小

形容词+~
great/ immense magnitude 重大
stars of the first magnitude 一等星

词根词缀: -magn- 大 + -i- + -tude 名词词尾



[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:40重新编辑 ]
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14:plankton
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/453547

Plankton is at the bottom of the marine food chain.
浮游生物处于海洋食物链的最底层。

plankton pump浮游生物泵
temporary plankton暂时性浮游生物...
plankton net浮游生物网
periodic plankton周期性浮游生物...


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15: monster
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/448803

an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts
someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful
a person or animal that is markedly unusual or deformed

A hideous monster attacked the helpless villagers.
有个丑恶的怪物袭击了手无寸铁的村民。
I saw a horrible monster in the forest.
我在林中见到一头可怕的怪物。
This machine is a real monster.
这台机器真是个庞然大物
The song was a monster hit.
这首歌获得了巨大的成功。

monster truck超大型载货卡车/ tanker巨型油轮/ ship巨舰
double monster重复畸形  
green-eyed monster嫉妒

词根词缀: -mon- 提醒 , 警告 + -ster 名词词尾 , 人



[ 此帖被mmmmhao在2017-02-22 09:31重新编辑 ]
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16:marginal

http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/448202

Adjective:
at or constituting a border or edge;
of questionable or minimal quality;
just barely adequate or within a lower limit;


Economists call these marginal changes.
经济学家称这些为边际的变化。
He won the most marginal seat by only two votes.
他只以两票的微弱优势当选。
He had a very marginal victory with only 180 more votes in his favor.
他仅以180票的微弱优势赢得了胜利。
He owns a small, marginal business.
他经营一个收益不大的小生意。
There has been a marginal improvement in the firm's sales.
公司的销售额略有增长。

marginal difference 不重要的区别
marginal seat 边缘席位
marginal data 图例说明
marginal notes 旁注
marginal people 边远地区的人们
marginal stability 临界稳定性



词根词缀: marg = mark + -in



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17:migration

http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/448329

Noun:
the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

These can be summarised as migration, money and Moscow.
这些原因可以概括为移民、金钱和莫斯科。
Game's operation is mainly the migration, the trundle, the caper, crawls, climbs up and aims.
游戏的操作主要是移动,滚动,跳跃,匍匐,攀爬和瞄准。


mass migration集体迁移
migration path过渡路径
bird migration鸟迁移
moisture migration水分移动
atomic migration原子迁移
primary migration初次运移

词根词缀: -migr- 迁移 + -ation 名词词尾











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18:fanciful

http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/442400

Adjective:
indulging in or influenced by fancy;
not based on fact; unreal;
having a curiously intricate quality;

That story about a trip to the moon is fanciful.
那个有关旅行到月球的故事是假想的。
His scheme seems to me fanciful in the extreme.
我觉得他的计划似乎完全是想入非非。
You are never fanciful, my dear.
亲爱的,你一点儿也不怪僻。
He had such a fanciful, pictorial way of saying things.
他有一种隐晦曲折、光怪陆离的表达方式。
A riddle in which a fanciful question is answered by a pun.
谜语由一个奇妙的问题组成的谜语,其答案为双关语.


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19: geothermy
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/443692

The exploration of the geothermy is very important aspect in development and prospecting.
地热的勘查是地热勘探与开发的一个重要方面.
The water temperature originates in geothermy warming rate and the radioactive element decay has the energy.
水温来源于地热增温率及放射元素的衰变产生热能.
The ordinary floor does not suit the geothermy heating equipment, must use the geothermy floor.
普通地板是不适合地热采暖设备的,必须采用地热地板。

词根:geo地---therm-, 热--y



从盖亚的名字产生了表示“地球”的词根 geo- ,从词根 geo- 产生了许多与地球、大地有关的单词。
geography:[dʒɪ'ɒgrəfɪ]  n. 地理学。记:geo大地+graphy描绘→描述大地的概貌就是地理
geology:[dʒɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] n. 地质学。记:geo大地+logy表示学科→研究大地的学科
geologist: [dʒɪ'ɒlədʒɪst] n. 地质学家。记:geo大地+logy学科+ist表示人物→研究大地的学者
geometry:[dʒɪ'ɒmɪtrɪ]  n. 几何学。记:geo大地+metry测量→最早的几何是测量大地的技术
mmmmhao

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等级: 文学大师
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举报 只看该作者 19楼  发表于: 2017-02-15 0
20: granite
http://news.iciba.com/views/dailysentence/video.html#!/detail/20244170/443941

Noun:
plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar and mica and quartz
something having the quality of granite (unyielding firmness);

The valley ended in a perpendicular rim of granite.
那山谷的尽头是花岗石的断崖。
He has a heart of granite.
他有一副铁石心肠。
He is pointing down a block of granite.
他正在用锐利的工具修整一块花岗石。
The old man's grave is made of granite.
那老人的墓是用花岗石造的。

Granite State新罕布什尔州的别名...
granite paper花岗石纹纸
black granite黑花岗石,闪长岩...
granite facing花岗石砌面
bite on granite白费力气(徒劳无功)...

来自 grain, 颗粒。因这种岩石颗粒状的纹理而得名。
后缀-ite: 表名词,“人或物”

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