大家学习英语的时候，肯定有遇见过老师让大家写作，给出的题目是各种各样的~[s:256]

有些根本就是闻所未闻的[s:277]，那该怎么开始写呢？

以下是一些可以帮助大家写作文的句子，希望对大家有所帮助~[s:267]

[table=619,#ffffff,#7f7f7f,4][tr][td] 目录[/td][/tr][tr][td] 沙发---What Are the Risks of Smoking（吸烟有害健康） [/td][/tr][tr][td] 板凳---Toxic smog blankets Beijing（严重污染导致毒雾笼罩北京）[/td][/tr][tr][td] 4楼 ---China Still Rules BP's World （未来20年全球能源消费还看中国 ）[/td][/tr][tr][td] 6楼---China rulers struggle to root out corruption culture（中国难以根除腐败）[/td][/tr][tr][td] [/td][/tr][tr][td] [/td][/tr][tr][td] [/td][/tr][tr][td] [/td][/tr][tr][td] [/td][/tr][/table]

赞一个 楼主辛苦了

China rulers struggle to root out corruption culture——中国难以根除腐败

China’slunar new year holiday is the busiest time of year for the ZhengzhouEast long-distance bus station. But officials in Shu-yuanjie village,the district which owns it, complain that every departing bus is areminder of the revenue lost through corruption. 在郑州长途汽车东站，春节是一年中最繁忙的时候。该汽车站是书院街村村办企业，村干部们抱怨说，每一辆汽车离站都在告诉他们，又有一笔收入落入了腐败分子的口袋中。 FanJianhui, the local Communist party secretary, has seized control of thestation to run as his private business and despite street protests andcomplaints by local officials, there has been no investigation into hisactivities. 书院街村党总支书记樊建辉已将该汽车站据为己有，尽管村干部们举行了抗议活动并多方举报，但樊建辉迄今未受到调查。 Thecase illustrates the struggles of China’s ruling party to ensure basicstandards of governance even as its new leaders pledge to root outcorruption. 这个案例凸显出，尽管新一届领导班子发誓将根除腐败，但执政的中国共产党在确保基本的治理标准得到落实方面仍面临困难。 XiJinping, party chief, said last month that the party must fight “tigersand flies at the same time”, adding that no exception would be made inprobing graft no matter who was involved. 中共中央总书记习近平上月表示，要坚持“老虎”、“苍蝇”一起打，并表示在调查贪腐行动中绝不破例，不管涉及到谁，都要一查到底。 Ordersfor cadres to cut down on extravagant banquets and adopt a more humblelifestyle have resonated with the public. The speedy investigation andsuspension of some officials exposed for alleged corruption on thecountry’s vibrant social media has raised expectations. But expertscaution that the party will not get far while it refuses outsidescrutiny. 中共下达文件，要求干部减少豪华宴请、厉行勤俭节约，此举顺应了民心。中国活跃的社交媒体上揭露的一些腐败嫌疑人被迅速调查和停职，这也让人们产生期待。但专家们提醒称，只要中共仍然拒绝外部监督，就不会取得太大的进展。 “Greatertransparency, rule of law and democracy are the only truly effectiveways of fighting corruption. The current anti-corruption campaign doesnot feature any of these. In this respect it is the same as previouscampaigns and cannot be expected to be any more effective,” says YanYi-ming, a lawyer in Shanghai who has campaigned for greatertransparency. 一直呼吁政府提高透明度的上海律师严义明说：“反腐唯一真正有效的办法，是提高透明性、发展法治和民主。目前的反腐运动并不具备这些特点。从这个角度来说，它跟之前的反腐运动并无区别，预计也不会更加有效。” Whilethe party has no intention of sharing power, its own experts say thatstructural changes are needed to make any progress in containing graft. 尽管中共无意分出权力，但体制内的专家们表示，要在遏制腐败方面取得进展，就必须推行结构改革。 “Thecurrent campaign-style fight against corruption is not sustainable,”says Wang Yukai at the Chinese Academy of Governance, a traininginstitution for cadres. He says there are too many separate institutionsfighting graft under the party, the police and the judiciary, and manyprobes get stuck in this thicket. 国家行政学院教授汪玉凯表示：“目前这种运动式反腐是不可持续的。”他表示，在党、公安部和司法部之下，有太多机构参与反腐，而调查常常就在这个盘根错节的系统里卡在了某个环节。 Thosecomplaining about corruption in Zhengzhou agree. Local officials havespent more than a year reporting Fan Jianhui to the party’s internalcorruption watchdog, to its department of personnel, to the police andto the local prosecutor’s office – without any result. “We haven’t heardback from the party organs. The prosecutor’s office sent us back to thepolice. The police said they had instructions from above that theyshould not mess with this case,” says Fan Jianqiang, a village committeemember leading the crusade. He is not related to the party secretary. 料想举报郑州汽车东站腐败问题的人应该会同意这个观点。当地村干部花了一年多的时间，向中共纪委部门、组织部门、公安部门以及司法部门检举樊建辉，都没有结果。领导举报活动的书院街村村委会委员樊建强（音译）说：“哪个部门都没给我们回信。司法部门把我们打发回公安部门。公安部门说上头有指示，不允许他们插手这个案子。”樊建强和樊建辉没有亲戚关系。 FanJianhui does not deny that he runs the station as his own business butsays he is doing so under a contract signed in 1998. But a third-partyaudit commissioned by the plaintiffs estimates the signature on thecontract is no more than seven years old, indicating it was made whenFan Jianhui was head of the village committee. He was appointed partysecretary after failing to get re-elected as village head in 2008. 樊建辉并不否认这家汽车站是作为他的个人企业在运营，但他说，这样做是根据1998年签订的一份合同。但据原告委托的第三方审计机构估计，合同上的签名字迹不超过7年，显示合同是樊建辉担任村委会负责人时签署的。2008年，樊建辉未能再次当选村主任，被任命为村党总支书记。 Thelocal economy relies on the bus station, and Fan Jianqiang calculatesthe village could have collected Rmb43m in net profit between 2006 and2012. 汽车东站是书院街村当地经济的支柱。据樊建强估算，该车站在2006年至2012年之间原本可为村里带来4300万元人民币的纯利润。 Asa result, the villagers are determined to fight on. They have launched acivil lawsuit against the secretary, challenging the validity of hiscontract. 因此，村民们决意反抗到底。他们对樊建辉提起了民事诉讼，质疑合同的有效性。 Suchassertiveness is no exception. The Chinese public is speaking upagainst corruption, aided by Weibo, the microblogging website thatresembles Twitter. Observers say Weibo has started to be the independentforce for transparency the Chinese system lacks. 这种强硬态度并非个别现象。中国民众已开始公开抗议腐败现象，微博（Weibo，中国版Twitter）推动了这股声势。观察人士表示，微博已开始成为一股要求政府提高透明性的独立力量，这股力量正是中国现有体系中所缺乏的。 The party is looking for ways to use this force in the existing system. 中共正设法在现有体制中利用这股力量。 MrWang adds: “In the west, they achieve probity through the mutualsupervision of the executive, legislative and judicial powers. Fightingcorruption under one-party rule is more difficult. There are definitelythings we can learn from other countries.” 汪玉凯补充说：“在西方，廉洁通过行政、立法和司法三种权力的互相监督来实现。反腐工作在一党制下更加困难。其他国家肯定有值得我们借鉴的地方。” Buteven if that could be done, it would put the party in a dilemma: fulldisclosure of the severity of the problem could destroy what’s left ofthe party’s reputation. 但即便中共反腐取得成效，这可能也会令其陷入两难：把腐败问题的严重性完全展露出来，可能令中共的声誉荡然无存。

非常感谢楼主的分享        

China Still Rules BP's World 未来20年全球能源消费还看中国

After a decade or so of relying on Chinese growth to fuel rising prices, energy bulls can look forward to…another two decades of relying on China. 在过去10年左右的时间里，能源价格不断上涨依靠的是中国经济的增长，看好能源价格前景的人能够期待中国因素再推涨能源价格20年。 BP BP.LN released its latest long-term outlook on global energy trends Wednesday. Overall, investors in fossil fuels─oil, natural gas, and coal─will be cheered. Annual rates of growth in demand are moderating, but fossil fuels are still set to account for 82% of global energy consumption in 2030, down only a bit from 2011's 87%. 周三，英国石油公司(BP)发布了其对全球能源趋势的最新长期展望报告。总体而言，报告的内容会让化石燃料（即石油、天然气和煤炭）的投资者欢呼雀跃。虽然年需求增速正在放缓，但到2030年时化石燃料在全球能源消费总量中的占比仍然将达到82%，仅略低于2011年的87%。 China remains the make-or-break factor, though. Between 2000 and 2011, when fuel prices boomed, China accounted for 55% of the growth in global energy consumption. Under BP's assumptions, China's share of extra demand between 2011 and 2030 is 43%. 中国仍然是至关重要的因素。在2000年至2011年期间，燃料价格一路上涨，中国对全球能源消费增长的贡献率为55%。根据英国石油公司的假设，中国在2011至2030年期间对全球能源消费增长的贡献率仍将达到43%。 That is less, but still critically large. This is especially the case when you consider that the Middle East and the former Soviet Union are also becoming more important in the mix of energy demand. As major energy exporters, they are tied to China's continuing success. If it weakens, so does growth in their economies─and energy consumption. 贡献率虽有降低，但仍然举足轻重。考虑到中东和前苏联地区在全球能源需求中的占比也在上升这个事实，这一点就更为明显了。作为主要能源出口国，它们和中国的持续成功紧密相连。如果中国经济疲软，那么这些国家的经济增速也会降低，其能源消费也将下降。 Taken together, the three regions accounted for 69% of global energy-demand growth between 2000 and 2011. BP's projections still have them at 57% out to 2030. 加在一起，这三个地区在2000年至2011年期间对全球能源需求增长的贡献率为69%。英国石油公司的预测显示，到2030年时这三个地区对全球能源需求增长的贡献率仍可高达57%。 Of the three fuels, coal is the most dependent on China, with the country set to account for 61% of global demand growth out to 2030. For oil, it is 43%; for gas, just 25%. 在以上三种燃料中，煤炭需求对中国的依赖性最强，到2030年时中国对全球煤炭需求增长的贡献率仍可高达61%。届时中国对全球石油需求增长的贡献率将为43%，对天然气需求增长的贡献率为25%。 China's continuing importance may be a source of comfort for investors─hey, you go with what you know, right? But the country's model of breakneck investment in infrastructure is showing signs of strain, and not just in economic terms: Take a look at the recent footage of Beijing's hazardous smog. For energy bulls, dependence on China could yet turn from a rock of support to a slippery slope. 对投资者来说，中国在全球能源消费中的重要性依然存在或许是一种安慰。毕竟你总得依据你所知道的情况行事，不是吗？但中国在基础设施领域高速投资的模式正显示出一丝疲态，而且并非仅从经济角度而言是这样：看一看最近有关北京有毒烟雾的电视画面你就知道了。对看涨能源价格前景的人而言，中国对全球能源消费的支撑甚至有可能从坚如磐石变得不那么牢靠。

My throat feels bad these days, probably because of the fog and haze.

Toxic smog blankets Beijing 严重污染导致毒雾笼罩北京

Beijing was blanketed in a thick, foul-smelling layer of hazardous smogover the weekend that pushed air quality readings well off the chartsand prompted environmentalists to call it the worst air pollution onrecord in the city. 一层浓密、难闻的有害雾霾周末笼罩着北京，空气质量达到超常的恶劣程度，促使环保人士称其为该市有史以来最严重的空气污染。 The air quality in China’s capital, home toabout 20m people, was consistently designated as hazardous by theChinese government and a monitoring station maintained by the US embassythroughout the weekend and people were advised not to go outside. 在人口大约2000万的中国首都，周末空气质量持续被中国官方以及美国大使馆维持的一个监测站鉴定为有害，人们被告知尽量不要外出。 Atits worst on Saturday night the volume of harmful particulates in theair was 36 times the level recommended as safe by the World HealthOrganisation. 在周六晚污染最严重的时刻，空气中有害微粒浓度一度达到世界卫生组织(WHO)安全水平的36倍。 China has strict environmental and emission lawsbut it also has the worst environmental pollution on earth thanks to alack of enforcement and the subordination of environmental concerns tothe imperative for officials to register economic growth. 中国拥有严格的环保和排放法律，但由于缺乏执法，以及环保担忧被置于官员们实现经济增长的优先考虑之下，中国也有着地球上最糟糕的环境污染。 Statemedia said the toxic mixture of fog, coal fumes, car exhaust,construction dust and industrial emissions was likely to hang around fordays thanks to atmospheric conditions that had trapped the smog overthe city and stopped it from being blown elsewhere. 官方媒体称，由于大气条件使雾霾笼罩在北京上空，使其不被吹散，雾、煤烟、汽车尾气、建筑粉尘以及工业排放的有毒混合物将滞留数天。 Residents whowent outside complained of sore throats, stinging eyes, chest pain,headaches and an apocalyptic atmosphere in which the tops of low-risebuildings were barely discernible through the haze. 出门的北京市民抱怨说，他们感到喉咙痛、眼睛刺痛、胸痛、头痛，还有人抱怨说，大雾沉沉，使他们感到一种类似末日般的气氛。许多高楼的顶部都消失在雾中。 At onehospital on the edge of Beijing the head nurse, who asked not to benamed, told the FT the respiratory ward was overflowing throughout theweekend even though the hospital doubled the size of its respiratoryunit last year. 在北京城郊结合部的一家医院，要求匿名的护理主任对英国《金融时报》表示，整个周末，该院呼吸科人满为患，即便这家医院去年将呼吸科的规模扩大了一倍。 “This is the worst level of air pollution onrecord in Beijing according to both the official Chinese government dataand that published by the US embassy,” said Zhou Rong, climatespokeswoman for Greenpeace in Beijing. “无论是根据中国政府的官方数据还是美国大使馆发表的数据，这都是北京有记录以来最严重的空气污染，”绿色和平(Greenpeace)在北京的气候事务发言人周嵘表示。 She said the main sourceof the pollution was the in-tensive burning of coal in power plants andin people’s homes across northern China as the region is grip-ped by asevere cold snap. 她表示，污染的主要原因是中国北方发电厂和人们家里密集燃烧煤炭，目前整个中国北方笼罩在一股寒流之下。 Multinational companies and diplomatic missionsbased in Beijing consider the capital’s shocking levels of airpollution one of the main obstacles in attracting high-qualityexpatriate personnel, especially those with young families. Some alreadyprovide industrial air filtering machines in the homes of employees. 跨国公司和驻京外交使团都认为，该市令人震惊的空气污染是吸引高素质外籍人员的主要障碍之一，尤其是那些有年幼孩子的人员。有些单位已经给雇员家里配备了工业级空气过滤机。 Pollutionand food safety are also important issues id-entified by wealthyChinese emigrants as reasons for them to leave the country. 移居海外的中国富人也将污染和食品安全指认为促使他们走上移民之路的重要原因。 Inrecent years China’s growing wealth has been accompanied by a risingawareness of the health hazards of environmental pollution, particularlyamong the middle class. 近年来，随着中国人越来越富，人们（尤其是中产阶层）越来越意识到环境污染对健康的危害。 Environmental degradation has become acause of unrest and protest in places where it has?affected health. TheChinese gov-ernment has often tried to obfuscate or conceal the extentof industrial pollution. 在环境退化明显影响到健康的地方，它已成为不安定和抗议的一个起因。中国官方经常试图混淆或掩盖工业污染的严重程度。 Environmental activists in Beijing wonan important victory last year when the government agreed to monitor thelevels of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometres, somethingthe US embassy in Beijing had already been doing for several years usingits own equipment. 北京的环保活动人士去年赢得一场重要胜利，政府同意监测小于2.5微米的微粒(PM2.5)的浓度，这是美国驻北京大使馆使用其设备已经做了多年的事。 These particulates are seen as the most hazardous as they are small enough to enter the bloodstream and damage lung tissue. 这些微粒被视为危害最大，因为它们足够微小，能够进入血液，损伤肺组织。 Atthe weekend, the government said it had rec-orded 900 micrograms ofthese particles per square metre, compared with a scale that usuallyonly goes up to 500. A level below 50 is considered healthy. 政府在周末表示，PM2.5浓度达到每立方米900微克，而通常仪器的监测范围最高为500微克。低于每立方米50微克的水平被认为是安全的。

What Are the Risks of Smoking —— 吸烟有害健康

[1]BeforeDr. Luther L. Terry, then the Surgeon General of the United States,issued his office's first "Report on Smoking and Health" more than 30years ago, thousands of articles had already been written on the effectsof tobacco use on the human body. 30多年前，在当时美国的卫生局局长路德·L·特里博士发表他上任以来的第一份“有关吸烟与健康的报告”之前，已经有成千上万篇关于吸烟对人体健康影响的文章发表了。 [2] Tobacco companies had countered the reports--which purportedto show links between smoking and cancer and other seriousdiseases--with denials and competing studies. 烟草公司对这些旨在表明吸烟和癌症以及其他疾病之间有关系的报告采取抵制的态度——予以否认，并提出分庭抗礼的研究报告。 [3] So in 1964, Terry and his Advisory Committee on Smoking andHealth knew they were stepping into a major pit of controversy when theyannounced "cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficientimportance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action". 所以，在1964年，特里和他的吸烟与健康咨询委员会就明白了，在他们宣布“吸烟危害健康，在美国应引起人们足够的重视，有必要采取适当的补救措施”时，他们就踏人了一个争论的大坑中了。 [4] It was America's first widely publicized acknowledgment that smoking cigarettes is a cause of serious diseases. 那是美国第一次广泛宣传，承认吸烟会导致严重的疾病。 [5] But the issue wasn't settled in 1964, nor is it settled in 1997,despite literally thousands more studies--and litigation that has forcedat least one tobacco company to admit what some activists say they knewall along: cigarette smoke is hazardous to your health. 但是这个问题在1964年没有得到解决，在1997年还是没有解决，尽管确实又进行了数千项研究——且提起的诉讼已迫使至少一家烟草公司承认一些禁烟活动积极分子的说法，其实也是他们一直都明白的：吸烟对人体有危害。 [6] More than 30 years--and more than 20 Surgeon Generalreports--later, the issue appears headed for settlement in the courtroomrather than the laboratory. 30多年以来，有20多位卫生局局长提出报告，此后，这个问题似乎是走向法庭解决，而不是在实验室解决。 CANCER-癌症 [7] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says cigarettesmoking is responsible for 151,322 cancer deaths annually in the UnitedStates. Most of those--116,920--are from lung cancer. The CDC says menwho smoke are 22 times more likely to die from lung cancer thannon-smokers. Women who smoke are 12 times more likely to die from thedisease. 疾病防治中心说，吸烟是导致美国每年151322位癌症患者死亡的罪魁祸首。这些死亡者中的大多数——116990人是死于肺癌。疾病防治中心认为，男性烟民死于肺癌的可能性是非吸烟者的22倍。女性烟民死于肺癌的可能性是非吸烟者的12倍。 [8] Statistical studies have long shown that people who don't smoke livelonger than people who do and scientists have seen statistically thecorrelation between smoking and incidences of lung cancer since the1950s. 统计数据研究早就表明，不吸烟的人比烟民长寿，而且自20世纪50年代以来，科学家们通过统计资料，已经发现了吸烟和肺癌发病率之间的相互关系。 [9] But a study earlier this year by Gerd Pfeifer of the BeckmanResearch Institute pinpointed specific carcinogens in cigarette smokethat target parts of a gene already known to be prominent in somecancers. 而今年早些时候，贝克曼研究所的格尔德·普法伊费尔所作的一项研究确切地指出了卷烟烟雾中固有的致癌物，这些致癌物袭击的目标是一种基因的某些部分，人们已经发现，这种基因在一些癌症中很突出。 [10] Pfeifer wrote in Science that cigarette smoke causes changes in thegene p53, which protects against cancer when normal but promotes cancergrowth when mutated . 普法伊费尔在《科学》杂志上写道，吸烟使p53基因发生改变，这种基因在正常情况下起着防癌的作用，但在发生突变时，就会加快癌症的发展。 [11] Another study, published by the American Cancer Society, said thatlow-tar cigarettes offered no relief from the potential of cancer, andin fact were responsible for a type of cancer that reaches deeper intolung tissue. 美国癌症协会发表的另一份研究报告说，尼古丁含量低的卷烟并不能减少患癌症的可能性，它们实际上是引起一种进入到肺组织深层的癌症的罪魁祸首。 [12] Other cancers are also affected by cigarette smoke. An AmericanCancer Society researcher reported earlier this year that smokingincreased men's risk of dying of prostate cancer, while other studieshave linked tobacco use to increased risk of other cancers, includingthroat, breast and bowel cancer. 而其他的癌症也受吸烟的影响。今年年初，美国癌症协会的一份研究报告表明，吸烟使男性死于前列腺癌的危险增加了，而其他的一些研究把吸烟同患上其他癌症(包括喉癌、乳腺癌和结肠癌)的危险的增加联系到了一起。 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES-心血管疾病 [13] Smoking also has been linked time and again to cardiovascular diseases. Among these, the biggest killer is heart disease: according to the CDC, smoking triples the risk of dying from heart disease among middle-aged men and women. 吸烟还被一再地和心血管疾病联系在一起，其中最大的杀手是心脏病。根据疾病防治中心的说法，吸烟使中年男女烟民死于心脏病的危险增至3倍。 [14] Studies also show an increased risk of death from stroke, aneurysms, high blood pressure, and other cardiovascular illnesses. 研究还表明，死于中风、动脉瘤、高血压和其他心血管疾病的危险也有所增加。 RESPIRATORY DISEASES-呼吸系统疾病 [15] Smoking is cited as a risk for dying of pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema. The CDC says people who smoke increase their risk of death from bronchitis and emphysema by nearly 10 times. 吸烟被引证为导致死于肺炎、慢性气管炎或肺气肿的一种隐患。疾病防治中心说，吸烟的人死于支气管炎和肺气肿的危险比不吸烟的人高出将近 10倍。 OTHER ILLNESSES-其他疾病 [16] A report recently published in the American Journal of Epidemiology suggested that smoking increased the risk of developing non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) by more than three times. 美国《流行病学杂志》最近发表的一份报告表明，吸烟使人们患非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的危险增加了3倍多。 [17] Studies have pointed to smoking as a risk in vision loss among older people, mental impairment later in life, Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. 研究指出，吸烟有导致老年人中的失明、晚年大脑损伤、早老性痴呆病和其他类型的痴呆病的危险。 吸烟对妊娠的影响 [18] Pregnant women who smoke can pass nicotine and carbon monoxide to their baby through the placenta. Research indicates this can prevent the baby from getting the oxygen and nutrients it needs to grow--potentially leading to fetal injury, premature birth, or low birth weight. According to the American Lung Association, smoking during pregnancy accounts for an estimated 20 to 30 percent of low birthweight babies, up to 14 percent of premature deliveries, and about 10 percent of all infant deaths. 抽烟的怀孕女性会通过胎盘把尼古丁和一氧化碳传给胎儿。研究表明，这会妨碍胎儿获得发育所需要的氧气和营养物质，这可能对胎儿造成伤害，引起早产或胎儿体重不足。根据美国肺器官协会的说法，估计有20％至30％的体重不足的婴儿，多达14％的早产以及约 10％的婴儿死亡都是由于女性在孕期吸烟引起的。吸烟的母亲还有可能通过喂母乳把尼古丁传给婴儿。 SECONDHAND SMOKE-被动吸烟 [19] The studies didn't just point to the ill effects of smoking on those who smoke--non-smokers, too, are apparently affected by the smoke from their friends, family members and strangers who light up in their presence. 研究不光指出了吸烟给烟民自己造成的危害，还指出了非吸烟者显然也会受到他们吸烟的朋友、家人或在他们面前吸烟的陌生人的伤害。 [20] A steady stream of reports documented the statistical risks of contracting cancer or suffering from heart disease, even if you've never put a cigarette to your lips. 持续不断的报告通过统计数字证明，即使你从来就没有吸过烟，也有患癌症或心脏病的危险。 [21] The American Heart Association last fall released a seven-year study showing that never-smoking spouses of smokers have more than a 20 percent greater chance of death from coronary heart disease than those who have never smoked who live with non-smokers. That study gave more impetus to the drive to make workplaces and other public areas smoke-free. 去年秋季，美国心脏协会发表丁一份历时7年的研究报告，该报告指出，烟民的配偶虽然从不吸烟，但是和那些与非吸烟者生活的配偶相比，他们死于冠心病的危险要高出20％。这项调查进一步推动了在工作场所和公共场所禁烟活动的开展。 [22] The effects of smoking are hard on the children of smokers as well, the studies say. Dr. Claude Hanet of the St. Luc University Hospital in Brussels, Belgium, said earlier this year that a baby born to a smoking mother "should be considered an ex-smoker", 调查还表明，烟民的孩子也深受吸烟之害。今年年初，比利时布鲁塞尔圣·卢卡大学医院的克劳德·哈内特博士说，吸烟的母亲生下的孩于"应被看作是有吸烟史的人"。 [23] Hanet's study cautioned that cigarette smoke was more detrimental with decreasing age. 哈内特的研究提请人们注意：年龄越小，吸烟的危害越大。 [24] And a University of Birmingham, England, study, published in the British Journal of Cancer showed a possible link between fathers who smoked and an increased incidence of cancels in their children, while studies in the U.S. showed a possible link between smoking and DNA damage. 《英国癌症杂志》发表的一份英格兰伯明翰大学的报告显示，吸烟的父亲与其孩子患癌症比率的增加可能有联系；同时美国的研究则显示吸烟和脱氧核糖核酸受损可能有关系。 ADDICTION-烟瘾 [25] Of all the diseases associated with smoking, addiction is perhaps the one that receives the least attention. But President Clinton declared nicotine an addictive drug last August. In March, the Liggett Group, makers of Chesterfield and Lark brand cigarettes, admitted that cigarettes were addictive and cause cancer and agreed to pay about $750 million total to 22 states that had filed suit to force tobacco companies to pay for Medicaid for smoking-related illnesses. 在所有和吸烟有关的疾病中，也许人们最容易忽略的就是吸烟上瘾。然而，去年8月，克林顿总统宣布尼古丁为使人上瘾的麻醉药物。今年(指 2000--编者注)3月，生产切斯特菲尔德和云雀牌香烟的利格特集团承认吸烟使人上瘾并会引发癌症，并且同意向22个州支付总额为7．5亿美元的赔偿金，这22个州提起了诉讼，要求烟草公司向治疗与吸烟有关的疾病的医疗补助制度进行赔偿。 [26] Scott Harshbarger, the Massachusetts attorney general and president of the National Association of Attorneys General, told reporters that the Liggett deal "will produce information that indicates major tobacco companies were fully aware that the product they were selling is addictive, that the product they were selling had great impact on public health". 马萨诸塞州首席检察官、全美首席检察官协会会长斯哥特·哈什伯杰对记者说，对利格特集团的处理"将带来这样一个信息，那就是，大烟草公司充分意识到了他们出售的产品会使人上瘾，他们出售的产品对大众的健康影响极大"。 [27] Other tobacco companies are clearly none too keen on the Liggett deal. For them, nicotine remains what they call a harmless flavor enhancement. 很显然，其他烟草公司中没有一家对利格特集团的处理感兴趣。对他们来说，尼古丁仍然是他们所称的无害的提味剂。