Aphrodite
by Micha F. Lindemans
In Greek mythology, Aphrodite is the goddess of love, beauty and sexual rapture. According to Hesiod, she was born when Uranus (the father of the gods) was castrated by his son Cronus. Cronus threw the severed genitals into the ocean which began to churn and foam about them. From the aphros ("sea foam") arose Aphrodite, and the sea carried her to either Cyprus or Cythera. Hence she is often referred to as Kypris and Cytherea. Homer calls her a daughter of Zeus and Dione.
After her birth, Zeus was afraid that the gods would fight over Aphrodite's hand in marriage so he married her off to the smith god Hephaestus, the steadiest of the gods. He could hardly believe his good luck and used all his skills to make the most lavish jewels for her. He made her a girdle of finely wrought gold and wove magic into the filigree work. That was not very wise of him, for when she wore her magic girdle no one could resist her, and she was all too irresistible already. She loved gaiety and glamour and was not at all pleased at being the wife of sooty, hard-working Hephaestus.
Aphrodite loved and was loved by many gods and mortals. Among her mortal lovers, the most famous was perhaps Adonis. Some of her sons are Eros, Anteros, Hymenaios and Aeneas (with her Trojan lover Anchises). She is accompanied by the Graces.
Her festival is the Aphrodisiac which was celebrated in various centers of Greece and especially in Athens and Corinth. Her priestesses were not prostitutes but women who represented the goddess and sexual intercourse with them was considered just one of the methods of worship. Aphrodite was originally an old-Asian goddess, similar to the Mesopotamian Ishtar and the Syro-Palestinian goddess Ashtart. Her attributes are a.o. the dolphin, the dove, the swan, the pomegranate and the lime tree.
In Roman mythology Venus is the goddess of love and beauty and Cupid is love's messenger.
[color=#6600CC]阿佛洛狄忒:(罗马又称维纳斯Venus)Aphrodite,爱情女神。她的忠实随从小爱神爱罗斯Eros(罗马又称邱比特)手持弓箭,被其金箭射中者即与随后见到的第一个人坠入情网,而被其铅箭射中者会对另一个人产生莫名的仇恨。拉丁语的金星和“星期五”这些词都来源于她的罗马名字。
维纳斯[backcolor=#6699CC][/backcolor]
阿芙罗狄蒂(维纳斯)
阿芙罗狄蒂是“至美”女神,她的身世很神奇。在那段日子里,奥林波斯山神们已开始乐于追求宇宙间的权力。一天,海上漂动的浮泡散发出万道圣洁的金光。随着波浪的起伏,一位美丽可爱的少女升出海面,放射出温暖与魁力。她被海神带到了塞浦路斯,后来,塞浦路斯成了她的圣岛。她的美丽无法形容,于是,她被理所当然地称为“美人”。在她不朽的头颅上有个金皇冠,她的双目深沉柔和,双眉温暖祥和。她那瀑布般的长发撒在她优美的颈项以及白皙的胸脯上。此外,她纤巧的手指,玫瑰般白嫩的双足更为她的美增添了迷人的高贵和典雅。当她第一次出现在奥林波斯山上时,她纤细匀称的身段不仅赢得了众神狂热的崇拜,还招致了众女神发疯般的妒嫉。
她被选为爱和婚姻女神。为了激起宇宙间万物心中的爱,为了使人、兽以及动植物能够繁衍,她乘着由麻雀、鸽子或是天鹅驾驭的车子到处游逛。在她的小儿子爱神厄洛斯的帮助下,她在众神和人世间挑起了许多悲与欢的动人故事。由于一时疏忽,她给婚后生活注入了自由恋爱的观念。她对丈夫赫菲斯托斯一向不忠。有一次,当她与战神玛尔斯躺在一起时,她的丈夫用网捉住了她。随后,他恶作剧地把他们俩一同放在了众神面前。她心肠好又有责任心。她随时准备着去帮助那些遇到麻烦的情侣们。她爱阿多尼斯,又赋予石像盖拉蒂以生命。在竞赛中,她还帮了年轻的希波梅弥斯一把。
在古希腊神话里,维纳斯是恋爱的女神;有关她的传说,屡次出现在历代文学家的作品里,其中最令人感动的,是莎翁为她撰写的一首长诗。诗内描述维纳斯的恋爱故事。
据说,古希腊有一个美男子厄杜尼斯,令世间所有人与物,在他面前都为之失色;但他对恋爱没有丝毫兴趣,只喜欢驰聘于山林之间打猎。
一天,维纳斯偶然碰到厄杜尼斯,一见倾心,便招呼他,希望和他谈一会;但厄杜尼斯不愿接近异性,一口便拒绝了维纳斯的好意。维纳斯只有用法力控制了他的行动,向他倾诉恋爱的奇妙,但厄杜尼斯始终不为所动,更显出急欲摆脱她的神色。维纳斯用尽一切甜言蜜语,且愿意给予很多条件,厄杜尼斯最后用轻视的眼神望着爱神,令她大受刺激,晕倒地上。
厄杜尼斯有点内疚,希望得到她的原谅,故此耐心等候维纳斯苏醒。维纳斯醒来后,继续尽力说服厄杜尼斯,但依然受到拒绝。爱神突然有个预感,厄杜尼斯会遭遇不测,遂劝他不要冒险去打猎,让她在他的身边,保护他的安全;但厄杜尼斯并不相信,结果他真的于翌晨打猎时,被箭猪咬死。维纳斯赶到时,见爱郎已死,不禁悲恸欲绝;伤心之余,诅咒世间男女的爱情,永远渗有猜疑、恐惧及悲痛。
古希腊神话人物。她是宙斯和大洋女神狄俄涅的女儿。又说她从浪花中出生,故称阿娜狄俄墨涅(出水之意)。最初为丰收女神之一。奥林波斯教形成后,被作为爱情、性欲及美的女神。最早崇拜她的地方是塞浦路斯、库忒拉岛、小亚细亚。后来对她的崇拜传入希腊。作为女海神,她的祭品是海豚;作为丰收女神,她的祭品是麻雀、鸽子和兔子;作为爱情女神,她有一条神奇的宝腰带,在古希腊女子结婚时,要把自己织成的带子献给她。传说她的女祭司用肉体换钱来为之服务,这与当时的婚姻制度有关。在奥林波斯教中,她被作为赫菲斯托斯的妻子,但她多次与别人相好:与战神阿瑞斯私通 ,生下5个子女 ;与赫耳墨斯生子;与英雄安喀塞斯生下埃涅阿斯。在荷马时代,她常有时序女神、美惠女神及儿子爱神埃罗斯相随。在罗马,她与当地丰产植物女神维纳斯合并,作为丰收和爱情女神。由于她是埃涅阿斯之母,故被视为尤里乌斯皇祖的女始祖。她的早期形象多风华正茂,容光焕发 ,后常被描绘成裸体女性 。最有名的是公元前2世纪希腊雕刻,又称米洛斯的维纳斯。雕像为大理石圆雕,高2.04米,由阿历山德罗斯雕刻,1820年在爱琴海米洛斯岛的山洞中发现,现藏法国卢浮宫博物馆。雕像高贵端庄,其丰满的胸脯、浑圆的双肩、柔韧的腰肢,呈现一种成熟的女性美。人体的结构和动态富于变化却又含蓄微妙,雕像体现了充实的内在生命力和人的精神智慧,在风格上接近公元前四世纪古典主义盛期的作品,为希腊化时期所少见。此雕像残缺的上肢构成了一种独特的美。