四六级翻译练习和答案
汉译英专项练习
一、倍数增减的表示法 5
1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
is 2.5 times greater than Force N2
（考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than）
2) This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).
reacts three times as fast as the other one
（考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as）
3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
is 49 times the size of the moon
（考点：倍数 + 名词）
4) The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一).
wants to raise the rent by a third
（考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍数）
5) They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍).
plan to double their investment
（考点：double + 名词）
二、时态 6
1) Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).
or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church
（考点：将来完成时）
2) When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了).
the children had fallen asleep
（考点：过去完成时）
3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).
my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside
（考点：将来进行时）
4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).
have been revising my resume all the morning
（考点：现在完成进行时）
5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).
No. It has been five years since I went on holiday
（考点：It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了）
6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了).
He has been in the army for 5 years
（考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）
三、被动语态 5
1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).
is being replaced by the computer and the projector
（考点：被动语态的现在进行时）
2) The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).
will have been published by the end of this year
（考点：被动语态的将来完成时）
3) Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).
can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work
（考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态）
4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).
I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated
（考点：同“3”的考点2）
5) _______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.
Effective measures must be taken immediately
（考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态）
四、情态动词 5
1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).
but there is no answer. She can’t be at home
（考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，can’t 表示“一定不”）
2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday
（考点：“情态动词can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断）
3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).
You must have dreamed of something terrible
（考点：同上）
4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).
You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony
（考点：“情态动词should/ought to + have done” 用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思）
5) _______________(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party
（考点：“情态动词needn’t + have + done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”)
五、虚拟语气 22
1) I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).
I had had your opportunities when I was young
（考点：I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望）
2) If only _______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
he had known this disease is curable
（考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”，用法与 I wish…基本相同）
3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).
painted it blue, and without any decorations
（考点：would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实）
4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).
measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams
（考点：It’s (about/high) time 后的that从句中用过去式，表示“该是……的时候了”）
5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).
as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly
（考点：as if / as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑）
6) We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院).
Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now
（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）
7) It was advised that _______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).
more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area
（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）
8) His proposal was that _______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).
they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem
（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）
9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考试).
the mid-term exams (should) be canceled
（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）
10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).
we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining
（考点：在It is/was +形容词后的that从句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。
这类形容词常见的有：advisable, anxious, desirable, essential, important, impossible, improper, necessary, proper, urgent, vital, ）
11) It is essential that _______________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).
everyone (should) be prepared for emergency
（考点：同上）
12) _______________(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.
If he had booked tickets in the way I told him
（考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反）
13) I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的话打断了).
if I had not been interrupted
（考点：同上）
14) It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就会湿的).
If it had rained, the ground would be wet
（考点：在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式）
15) _______________(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.
If I had been living in New York
（考点：同上）
16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他现在就不在人间了).
he would be dead now
（考点：同上）
17) But for his help, _______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).
we could not have rent a house at such a low price
（考点：but for经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）
18) I used my calculator; _______________(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).
otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question
（考点：otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语）
19) Were I in your place, _______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).
I would seize the opportunity without hesitation
（考点：在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件）
20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(这项法案早就通过了).
this act would have been passed much earlier
（考点：同上）
21) Should there be another world war, _______________(人类的继续存在就会有危险).
the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy
（考点：同上）
22) He walked lightly _______________(以免惊醒婴儿).
lest he should awaken the baby
（考点：lest (以免)引导的从句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虚拟）
六、不定式 10
1) It was a great achievement _______________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).
to complete a 24-story building in 10 months
（考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面）
2) It is necessary _______________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).
for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test
（考点：有时用“介词for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，
这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等）
3) It is generous _______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).
of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area
（考点：有时用“介词of + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，
常用的形容词有：bold, brave, careful, careless, cruel, foolish, generous, honest, kind, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong）
4) The teacher decided _______________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).
not to punish those students who had been late for class
（考点：1. 用不定式结构作decide的宾语；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）
能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford, attempt, beg, decide, forget, intend, manage, mean, offer, prefer, promise, ）
5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法国的儿子).
whether to visit their son in France
（考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。
6) The gardener _______________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).
warned me just now not to water flowers at noon
（考点：不定式作宾语补语）
7) We _______________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).
invited him to give us a lecture on modern art
（考点：同上）
8) He feels it challenging _______________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).
to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university
（考点：动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + 不定式。it是形式宾语，不定式是真正宾语）
9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).
to apply what we have learned in class to practice
（考点：不定式作定语）
10) The bad weather _______________(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).
ruined our plan to show the film in the open air
（考点：同上）
七、分词 9
1) This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).
“Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian
（考点：分词作宾语补语）
2) The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.
parked in the fire lane
（考点：分词作定语）
3) The war went on for years, _______________(夺去了成千上万人的生命).
killing thousands upon thousands of people
（考点：分词作结果状语）
4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(将平均产量提高了15%).
raising the average yield by 15 percent
（考点：同上）
5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推导出它的运转原理).
trying to deduce its operating principle
（考点：分词作伴随状语）
6) _______________(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study.
Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book
（考点：分词作原因状语）
7) _______________(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education.
Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds
（考点：同上）
8) _______________(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.
Seen from the eyes of a young friend
（考点：分词作方式状语）
9) _______________(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them.
Not having heard from his parents for a long time
（考点：1. 分词作原因状语；2.分词的否定形式；3.现在分词的完成式）
八、动名词 6
1) _______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.
Taking a cold bath every day
（考点：动名词作主语）
2) They tried to avoid _______________(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).
making their daughter do what she didn’t like to do
（考点：动名词作动词的宾语）
3) Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我们的产品进入国际市场).
getting our goods into the international market
（考点：动名词作介词的宾语）
4) It is no use _______________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).
crying over spilled milk
考点：动名词用于固定结构。
5) He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的试卷).
having peeked at his neighbor’s test paper
（考点：动名词的完成式）
6) We congratulated her on _______________(被提升为经理).
being promoted to manager
（考点：动名词的被动式）
九、非谓语动词用法区别 10
1) Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).
working very hard.
（考点：mean表示“意味着”）
2) John meant _______________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).
to drive there, but his car broke down
（考点：mean表示“打算”）
3) I heard him _______________(在跟他的母亲谈话).
talking to his mother
（考点：强调正在进行）
4) I heard him _______________(跟他的母亲谈了一个小时).
talk to his mother for an hour
（考点：强调整个过程）
5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(结果却摔断了自己的腿).
only to break his own leg
（考点：意料之外的结果）
6) He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔断了双腿).
breaking his legs
（考点：意料之中的结果）
7) He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).
to see his parents in good health
（考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末）
8) _______________(看到父母安然无恙), he issued a sigh of relief.
Seeing his parents safe and sound
（考点：分词作原因状语位于句首）
9) _______________(跟随着它的脚印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.
Following its footprints
（考点：现在分词强调主动）
10) The pop, _______________(后面跟着两个保镖), came to meet his fans.
followed by two body guards
（考点：过去分词强调被动）
十、名词从句 11
1) _______________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南) is still a secret.
Why they left their hometown for Yunnan
（考点：主语从句）
2) _______________(最让我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.
What confused me most
（考点：同上）
3) _______________(这么做是故意的) became obvious.
That this was done on purpose
（考点：同上）
4) It is not clear yet _______________(谁应该为这件事负责).
who should be responsible for this matter
（考点：较长的主语从句可以后置，用it作形式主语）
5) It is none of your business _______________(玛丽与谁订婚).
whom Mary is engaged to
（考点：同上）
6) Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).
what can be done today
（考点：宾语从句）
7) This novel is just _______________(我一直在寻找的).
what I have been looking for
（考点：表语从句）
8) It is not yet known _______________(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力).
whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision
（考点：whether/if引导后置的主语从句）
9) _______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物) is not clear to me.
Whether she likes the present
（考点：whether引导前置的主语从句）
10) Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事来提高他们工资).
that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages
（考点：同位语从句）
11) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席会同意他的提议).
that the chairman would agree to this proposal
（考点：同上）
十一、定语从句 4
1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).
the house where Lu Xun was born
（考点：先行词为地点，定语从句通常由where引导）
2) The old lady died _______________(在她儿子到达的那天).
on the day when his son arrived
（考点：先行词为时间，定语从句通常由when引导）
3) This is _______________(我赞成这一改革的理由).
the reason why I am in favor of this reform
（考点：先行词为reason，定语从句通常由why引导）
4) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).
which made our journey more difficult
（考点：非限制性定语从句）
十二、状语从句 4
1) _______________(不管我们谈论什么), Jim brings polities into the discussion.
Whatever we talk about
（考点：让步状语从句）
2) _______________(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.
However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him
3) We climbed high _______________(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).
so that we might get a better view
（考点：目的状语从句）
4) You can go out _______________(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).
as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night
（考点：条件状语从句）
十三、比较级最高级 4
1) Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一样地优美)?
as gracefully as her sister
（考点：同级比较）
2) The buildings look _______________(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).
far uglier in London than here
（考点：用副词或词组来修饰比较级）
3) This is _______________(他画的最好的画之一).
one of the best pictures that he has ever painted
（考点：最高级）
4) The higher you climb, _______________(空气就越稀薄).
the thinner the air becomes
（考点：“越……越……”结构）
十四、倒装句 5
1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).
when a knock at the door awakened her
（考点：Hardly/ Scarcely …when…结构）
2) No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).
than she fell ill
（考点：No sooner…than…结构）
3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).
Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.
（考点：nor表示“后者与前者一样地不……”）
4) Only then _______________(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).
did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery
（考点：only引导的状语位于句首，句子倒装）
5) Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我们才能做成这笔买卖).
can we conclude the business
（考点：同上）
十五、强调句 5
1) _______________(正是Jefferson写下了) the Declaration of Independence.
It was Jefferson who wrote
（考点：强调主语）
2) _______________(作者是带着真挚的情感)praises all that is progressive.
It is with genuine feeling that the author（考点：强调状语）
3) _______________(正是因为水涨了)we could not cross the river.
It was because the water had risen that（考点：强调状语从句）
4) _______________(人们听见正是Jim 这个无情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.
It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard（考点：强调主语）
5) _______________(直到我告诉她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.
It was not until I told her that
（考点：强调状语从句）
